"Important Link Between the Brain & the Immune System Found" (2015)  --- Scientific American 

"The Immune System sculpts the brain (& the body)"

whether sex Differences, intelligence or physical or mental developmental matters


WHAT'S THE POINT?

There is a lot of BASIC SCIENCE FOUNDATION we need to lay for HUMAN BEHAVIOR and for that matter the behavior of other animals.

If we don't know, don't understand the role of the IMMUNE SYSTEM and other SYSTEMS of the BODY --- we're going to have a STALLED OUT MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSION and FORENSIC PROFESSIONALS who are too ignorant to know how grossly incompetent and unethical they are.

THAT IS TOUGH TALK --- but a lot of people are SUFFERING because of various SYSTEMS FAILURES --- we have to bring CLINICIANS up to speed with the Frontiers of Psychiatry March 2019 Editorial and Current Research.

Psychiatry & The Immune System

In summary, the data from these reports strengthen the evidence linking immune dysfunction, autoimmunity, and neuroinflammation to various primary psychiatric illnesses including schizophrenia and affective spectrum disorders.

​Alternatively, they also show that brain autoimmune disorders such as autoimmune encephalitis and autoimmune encephalopathy can also present with diverse neuropsychiatric syndromes masquerading as severe mental disorders such as primary psychotic disorders unresponsive to traditional psychotropic and behavioral interventions.

Thus, it is critical to obtain a detailed history, perform a thorough examination, recognize clinical features (red flags) suggestive of organic causes, and complete a relevant diagnostic workup to include screening for relevant neuronal antibodies in serum and CSF to exclude other organic causes, in order not to overlook immunological causes of new-onset secondary (organic) neuropsychiatric syndromes.​​

Collectively, the above data also support the ME hypothesis of schizophrenia and severe mental illness  and the concept of autoimmune psychosis  mechanistically linking the neurobiology of a subset of psychosis to underlying inflammatory and immunological changes in the brain.

Additional research studies investigating the prevalence of autoimmune psychosis among individuals with new-onset psychosis are needed.

Further, development of an expert consensus on the evidence-based clinical practice guidelines addressing the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas of new-onset psychosis of suspected immune origin is warranted.

​FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY EDITORIAL -- MARCH 29, 2019:

RECENT ADVANCES IN PSYCHIATRY FROM PSYCHO-NEURO-IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH:

AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS, AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOPATHY, AND MILD ENCEPHALITIS


Affiliations

1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Bezirkskrankenhaus Guenzburg, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
2Department of Immunopathology, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
3Department of Neurology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, United States

Learning, Intelligence --- the Immune System

Picture
University of Basel, Switzerland

Scientists have demonstrated that both the structure of the brain and several memory functions are linked to immune system genes (2017)
In silico identification of critical proteins associated with learning process and immune system for Down syndrome (2019)

Affiliation
  • 1Computer Engineering Department, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Mass Cytometry Reveals Global Immune Remodeling with Multi-lineage Hypersensitivity to Type I Interferon in Down Syndrome (2019)

Affiliations
  • 1Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
  • 2Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80302, USA.
  • 3Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
  • 4Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
  • 5Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
  • 6Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
  • 7Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
  • 8Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
  • 9Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
  • 10Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
  • 11Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].

Movement & the Immune System

Pathogenesis of cerebral palsy through the prism of immune regulation of nervous tissue homeostasis: literature review (2019)

Affiliations
  • 1Republican Children's Rehabilitation Center, Turan str., 36, Astana, Kazakhstan, 010000. [email protected].
  • 2Republican Children's Rehabilitation Center, Turan str., 36, Astana, Kazakhstan, 010000.
  • 3Department of Pediatrics, Parirenyatwa Group of hospitals, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Immune system responses in Parkinson's disease: Early and dynamic (2019)

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
  • 2Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, & AU IDEAS center NEURODIN, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.

Sex Differences & the Immune System

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT    We found that immune-system-derived mast cells are a primary target for the masculinizing hormone estradiol and that mast cells are in turn primary mediators of brain sexual differentiation.

These findings identify a novel non-neuronal origin of brain sex differences and resulting motivated behaviors.
Mast Cells in the Developing Brain Determine Adult Sexual Behavior (2018)​

​Affiliations
  • 1Department of Psychology, [email protected].
  • 2Department of Neuroscience, and.
  • 3Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; and.
  • 4Department of Pharmacology and.
  • 5Program in Neuroscience, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.
  • 6Department of Psychology.
A starring role for microglia in brain sex differences (2015)

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Psychology and Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [email protected].
  • 2Department of Pharmacology and Program in Neuroscience, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Microglia, both in their capacity as phagocytic cells and via secretion of many neuroactive molecules, including cytokines and growth factors, play a central role in early brain development, including sexual differentiation of the brain.

In this review, we present the vast roles microglia play in normal brain development and how perturbations in the normal neuroimmune environment during development may contribute to the etiology of brain-based disorders.

There are notable differences between microglia and neuroimmune signaling in the male and female brain throughout the life span, and these differences may contribute to the vast differences in the incidence of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders between males and females.
Falling In Love Is Associated with Immune System Gene Regulation (2019)

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, United States. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 2Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Communication Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 3Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
  • 4Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Norman Cousins Center, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.